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Geophysical Surveys can help you "see" into the subsurface using remote sensing technologies. Some well known geophysical techniques are Electrical Resistvity Imaging (ERI), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electro-Magnetic time (TDEM) and frequency domain (FDEM) methods and Seismic Methods.
Near-surface typically means applications that are within the first 300 meters below the ground. For deeper mineral exploration targets the PowerSting high powered external IP transmitters help illuminate (actually charge up) the massive sulfide deposits for easy identification and volume estimation using the EarthImager 3D Inversion software. The PowerSting Node high power transmitting electrodes help automate the whole 2.7km to 5.5km long IP mineral exploration scans much like how near-surface applications are done.
ERI has become the goto tool of choice for geoscientist because its ease of use and guarantee of field data. There is nothing worse than incurring the expenses of deploying to a remote field location only to return to the office empty handed due to the field conditions not being conducive to the seismic method, capacitively coupled resistivity method, EM method, ground penetrating radar (GPR) method.
Since our technical support is free and available nearly 24/7, we hear time and time again from contractors just like you that they always bring their SuperSting ERI system with them to the field "just in case", regardless if it was specified in the contract by the client. All too often the other methods fail due to their sensitivity to the "right field conditions".
The ERI method is fault tolerant to field conditions because rather than relying on induction or a progagating EM wave, the signal is directly injected into the ground.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a great geophysical method that in the right conditions (resistive overburden) has great resolution and is easy to deploy on flat surfaces without tall vegatation. It is a good complement to ERI.
Seismic methods have a similar deployment to ERI but can achieve greater depth of penetration. This method does require the user to be knowledgable in digital signal processing, a skill that is math intensive and not for the novice user. It is also very sensitive to wind, foot traffic and road noise as geophones are like "earth" microphones. Inner city noise makes this method limits its appeal. Seismic methods are a good complement to ERI.